Designing Software Application for Visually Impaired Clients

Questions: 1.As a Software Developer, you are required to Develop Programs that can be promptly gotten to by a Wide scope of Clients.2.Discuss3 Ways in which you, Can utilize ICT to diminish your Carbon Footprint, and Contribute to Green ICT.3.Which of the Following are Projects, and which are Processes? Clarify your answer. (i)Building a Computer, on a Production Line of Identical Computers (ii)Building a House, as One of a Series of Identical houses all over Australia (iii)Upgrading a Computer from Windows 7 to Windows 10 (vi)Upgrading each of the 120 Computers from Windows 7 to Windows 10 Answers: Planning Software application for Visually Impaired Clients For planning the product application for Visually disabled people following contemplations are took as they can't control PCs through eyes- Utilizing the predictable and standard UI Elements This will assist the outwardly hindered people with using application effectively, this should be possible by utilizing the working framework provided controls, toolbars, menus, cursors and different components. The screen perusers are likewise applied for these sort of uses. Making a Flexible User Interface This should be possible by giving the differentiation, cursor squint, audio cues , contact control and different components to give the openness to the clients. Permitting the Full Keyboard Navigation This will assist these people groups with controlling the framework functionalities effectively, with this applications that are completely console driven with no or least pointing gadget necessity. Mark all Icons and Graphics discernible through Braille This will assist these individuals with recognizing components without any problem. Give sufficient time and Sound Messages for help This will assist these people groups with working without any problem. Structuring Software application for Hearing Impaired Clients So as to offer help the Hearing Impaired people groups by utilizing following advances By giving the Library of communication via gestures for the capacities and utilities of the application in the product. By giving this office to these individuals , these individuals can comprehend functionalities without any problem. By giving portable amplifier in the applications . This should be possible by giving the portable amplifier office to them as per their ability. By giving framework that vibrates on alarming for any issue or any sort of message. This should be possible by interfacing gadgets to the framework. Above all giving more instant messages as opposed to any solid. These people groups will peruse and can work in better manner. 2.Green ICT is the idea of executing the figuring or handling of Information innovation in a way so it is Environmental Friendly. The destinations of this application is like green science. Truth be told the real level of moving the co2 by IT Department is 0.2% of all out co2 created in condition. The principle Equipments utilized in the IT are- Work areas and Laptops Printers , scanners , copier, projectors Advanced cells, work area telephones Remote associating gadgets Systems administration Devices Server farm and their gadgets The components, that impact the earth in IT are as per the following- The manner by which the types of gear are fabricated. The conditions wherein they are made. What sort of transport is utilized to move them to different spots . How much vitality is devoured by them . The strategy of removal of these types of gear. The Green ICT is worried about after issues in worry of condition The types of gear are economically fabricated with condition cordial conditions. The types of gear ought to be built up that keeps going longer. The types of gear expend and squander less vitality. The IT types of gear ought to be utilized in the most ideal manner. The removal of the System ought to be done in condition neighborly way. The Methods to decrease carbon impression are as per the following- By utilizing Systems with halfway associated server farm . By utilizing Pen Drives, CDS and other advanced putting away gadgets to store information. By utilizing Email, Fax and other current techniques to diminish paper work. 3.(i)It is a procedure as creation of PCs is an undertaking, fabricating a PC in this arrangement is a piece of this task so this is a procedure of entire venture (ii).Again it is a procedure as a building up the arrangement of indistinguishable houses all over Australia is a task and building a house is a procedure. (iii)This is a task as it will comprise of different procedures in it. (vi)This is an undertaking as comprise of different procedures in it. References HCI Institute, Human Computer Interaction from- - www.hcii.cmu.edu (Accesed on 28-3-2017) Human PC Interaction, from-www.interaction-design(Accesed on 28-3-2017) Human PC communication, from-www.tandfonline.com (Accessed on 28-3-2017) Technopedia, what is HCI , From-www. technopedia.com (Accessed on 28-3-2017)

Mathematical Thinking and Numeracy Process

Question: Compose paper on The nature and the advancement of the scientific reasoning and numeracy process in kids. Answer: Presentation Science is normally the most universal of all the educational program subjects, and the comprehension of this issue impacts significantly on the dynamic in all the regions from private, common and the social viewpoints. Maths training is a key to the expansion of the post school and the citizenship chances of the kids today. In the present, as in the past numerous youngsters battle with arithmetic and they are typically irritated as they persistently experience the obstructions to part of engagement.(Aunie Niemivirta, 2010) The numeracy aptitudes are critical for all the kids to create. Without this parts, the cutting edge life turns out to be nearly to the difficult to live. All the more regularly there is difference about how to move toward the learning, and how this angle ought to be acquainted with the youngsters. Once in a while when we think about the numeracy, we frequently think about the school rather not in the school setting and the instructing strategies that depend on th e repetition learning and remembrance of the ideas. Having the inspirational mentalities and the abilities in the numeracy of science is basic for fruitful learning of the youngsters. (Aunie Niemivirta, 2010)The establishment of this locale is normally worked at the youth. As the children play at the shopping home corner, utilizing the cash and the sales register, they begin to start to participate in the checking, expansion and deduction and the different scientific ideas. (Austin Howson, 1979)Such encounters permit the kids to build up their numeracy capacities at their pace. There are different speculations of the numerical learning and the understanding which are appropriate for the instructing; a portion of these are behaviorism, Piaget, Constructivism, socio-culturalism and the hypothesis of the encapsulated arithmetic. On this article, it will take a gander at the socio-culturalism hypothesis for the learning and the educating of arithmetic. It will clarify why this strategy is most appropriate than the others learning speculations. Plus, it would show why the instructing and the learning of the maths have left practice today, and concentrated more as being fun loving nature, imagination and having a great time for the youngsters. Socio-culturalism hypothetical point of view The pith of choosing this hypothesis of learning arithmetic is on the grounds that it is an understudy focused instructional method that they learn through the encounters of tackling the issue. They figure out how to apply the reasoning procedures and furthermore the information space. The embodiment of this hypothesis is to assist the youngsters with developing the adaptable information, the abilities to tackle the issue and have a discovering that is started by them separately. All the more so they can build up these collective abilities by being propelled on what they are doing. Comprehension of the hypothesis On this hypothesis was created by a man named Vygotsky and throughout the years his work has increased a great deal of acknowledgment in the training of the science. His hypothesis expresses that the advancement of the insight of the understudies results from the association of the world and the discourse, the social connection with others, and the helpful movement of the social world.(Austin Howson, 1979) The youngsters utilize the language to expand on the subjective instruments that every ha the cognizant power over. The jobs of the instructor are considerably focused to the use of this hypothesis in that they ought to pass on all the relationship that exists between the signs and the importance of those signs depicted by the kids. As indicated by the creator he portrayed an improvement that is alluded to as Zone of Proximal that is basically the separation between the elaboration of the youngster and their degree of the potential advancement that is the degree of working with the adults.(Clarke, 2001) On this zone it permits the grown-up to be the device holder importance; to have the cognizant control of the different numerical ideas, for the kid until they can disguise on the outside information. Consequently, this all procedure is alluded to as the framework. On the correlation with different speculations of Piaget; Vygotskys hypothesis specifies that the youngster has a functioning job in the learning. (Mercer Sams, 2006)Therefore, the thought of the youngster needs to disguise the outer information is productive. Another distinctive that can be seen to Piagets hypothesis is on the job of the instructor, suggesting that the Piagets don't address educating effectively. The hypothesis will in general misrepresent the perspective on the kid development understanding on their positions which ought to be done in the separation. The behaviorism hypothesis tries to clarify on the noticeable cooperations with the student to the earth and no meddling anything. I n learning arithmetic, there ought to be cooperation with others model through action or play. This hypothesis extraordinarily demoralizes the part of learning through association, just by perception. In today times, the learning procedure has changed, and the kids need to play, have a great time and be imaginative. As a correlation with constructivism look for that the information on a kid is essentially built in the setting of the earth, with social-culturalism, there is a requirement for the social communication on the planet and the discourse, and furthermore the helpful action is the basic segment of the social world(Mercer Sams, 2006). This how to build up the subjective devices by interfacing with the earth through playing, and being inventive. Reasons why maths has abandoned practices and received energy, fun, and innovativeness The subject of science in its unadulterated sense is a deliberation. The utilization of the math has been an incredible asset in portraying and forecast of the occasions in our general surroundings. The capacity of the science to show the adequately in the truth has made numerous researchers figures a different fun model to make it increasingly intelligent in the school.(Aunie Niemivirta, 2010) In today, long are the days the subject used to be a practice and retaining of the ideas. There are different reasons today regarding why educator have left the practices technique and embraced the carefree, and imaginative ones in the instructing. The utilization of instructing with these new technique has been seen as valuable as the middle people between this present reality and the universe of science. Such techniques will in general advance the critical thinking abilities to the youngsters by giving a vehicle in which these kids can expand on the model of the genuine day by day circumstan ces. (Austin Howson, 1979)The utilization of these great strategy are seen as more dynamic arranged than the real circumstance yet, less theoretical than the conventional image idea of the subject. Another angle is that playing is basic components all the more so in the youth educational plan of the kids and the teaching method. (Austin Howson, 1979)It is a vehicle for the learning purposes in which the kids can exhibit their learning result and help additionally platform the learning of different kids. The instructors today endeavor as a lot to advance different playing exercises while instructing maths to encourage on the kids scientific deduction capacity to explaining the riddles. In schools now there are intrigue revolves around the study hall of maths programs. (Clarke, 2001)Some of these are; confounds, boxes, and drawing materials. The youngsters are allocated every movement, and the educator watches their capacity to handle the circumstance. The utilization of such material advance numerical thinking about the kids rather they would not concentrate on the practices of the ideas however do them essentially. The substance of play and have a ton of fun in the class is portrayed by the non-straight part of consider the possibility that the way to deal with thinking about the child.(Mercer Sams, 2006) In this sense, there would be various end focuses or the results that are conceivable to a given circumstance. Generally, the part of playing or inventiveness makes different circumstances, where there is no single right answer. The utilization of these techniques gives the kid the proprietorship and the control in the commencement of that specific action. In a model, the kid who is submerged in the square play can make physical and applied space in order to decide the bearing and the result of the game. At the point when the youngster keeps others out of the play, he applies the idea of control and fitness. On this technique, it assists with making people who are masterminds, capacity and brimming with power. The part of the mathematic issue would not be difficult to handle since they have built up the critical thinking abilities from the youth and it is amusing to deal with them(Clarke, 2001). End Its an obvious fact that the substance of the training has changed irrelevantly in the course of recent years. The instructors over the world are endeavoring to furnish the kids with the abilities that are required in the 21st Century world. There are a great deal of contention that the arithmetic is essentially getting significant in our general public. It is apparent that the unavoidable innovation is there in our occasions are and would keep on existing on the manageability premise. These creating advances to be numerically skillful. There is the need to demand the adaptability and flexibility to the changing innovation and to accomplish this the instructors must give the learning condition that energizes the parts of basic reasoning, correspondence, the critical thinking abilities and the worldwide mindfulness. A portion of the present procedures the instructors are utilizing to set up the youngsters in the 21st Century in learning of science are; the utilization of the coordinat ed innovation, the utilization of the agreeable learning structures that envelops on kids organized methodology, in order to empower association among the kids. References Aunie, P., Niemivirta, M. (2010). Anticipating youngsters' mathematica execution in grade one by early numeracy. Learning and Individual Differences,

This Bathroom Ceiling

This Bathroom Ceiling This summer while Random Hall is closed I am living on Beast, 2E, the second floor of the East Parallel of East Campus. Today I want to tell you about the bathroom closest to my room. The 2E Bemis bathroom has two windows, three showers, two toilets, two sinks, 1507.75 wall tiles, and 3907.0625 floor tiles. There are 960.296875 wall tiles, 439.1875 floor tiles, and 70.875 ceiling tiles in each of the three showers; outside the showers we have a blue sky for walls, and in this space the three floors above us are broken out to reveal the night sky. The ceiling has three ceiling lights, 20.29861 ceiling tiles, four planets, 17 spaceships, three space stations, two moons, one galaxy, one bowl of petunias, and one existential whale. A closer survey, perhaps with a telescope, reveals some species we have previously glimpsed from Earth. Specimen  54686520556E697665727365: Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) went to the moon 67 years before we did. It is considered the first science fiction film. The mural was painted by Grace K. ‘11. Specimen  73617973:     Here is the moon rocket from Objectif Lune (Destination Moon), the sixteenth volume of the comics The Adventures of Tintin. The mural was painted by Raffi P. ‘10; the original cover is from Wikipedia. Specimen  68656C6C6F2E: “Space. The final frontier. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its five-year mission: to explore strange new worlds; to seak out new life and new civilizations; to boldly go where no man has gone before.” This is the starship USS Enterprise (NCC-1701) from Star Trek, painted by Rachel B. ‘09. If you haven’t seen Star Trek, I think you should start with my favorite episode, the Hugo-winning “The City on the Edge of Forever,” written by Harlan Ellison: Specimen  436F6D6D656E74:   This one isnt fiction: this is Earthrise, a view of the Earth rising from the moon, painted by Sean M. ‘08. The original photograph was taken by William Anders on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon with Frank Borman and James Lovell. From Wikipedia, here is Anders’s and Borman’s conversation as Anders took the photo: Specimens  6966,  796F75, and  68617665: That’s no moon! These are the Death Star and an X Wing, painted by Drew A. ‘08, and two Tie Fighters, painted by Maggie D. ‘10. I haven’t seen Star Wars (I know, I know). Cory tells me that the Death Star is an  improbably large battle station, the X Wing is the type of small star fighter used by the rebels (mass produced like a Volkswagen), and the Tie Fighters are the Empire’s mass produced star fighters. Specimen  696E746572636570746564: At a corner of the ceiling between the showers and the entrance are a bowl of petunias and a short-lived existential whale, from Chapter 18 of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, painted by Brianna C. ‘11. The Hitchhiker’s Trilogy is one of my favorite series and the whale is one of my favorite characters. Here is its short part in the novel: Another thing that got forgotten was the fact that against all probability a sperm whale had suddenly been called into existence several miles above the surface of an alien planet. And since this is not a naturally tenable position for a whale, this poor innocent creature had very little time to come to terms with its identity as a whale before it then had to come to terms with not being a whale any more. This is a complete record of its thought from the moment it began its life till the moment it ended it. Ah . . . ! What’s happening? it thought. Er, excuse me, who am I? Hello? Why am I here? What’s my purpose in life? What do I mean by who am I? Calm down, get a grip now . . . oh! this is an interesting sensation, what is it? It’s sort of . . . yawning, tingling sensation in my . . . my . . . well, I suppose I’d better start finding names for things if I want to make any headway in what for the sake of what I shall call an argument I shall call the world, so let’s call it my stomach. Good. Ooooh, it’s getting quite strong. And hey, what about this whistling roaring sound going past what I’m suddenly going to call my head? Perhaps I can call that . . . wind! Is that a good name? It’ll do . . . perhaps I can find a better name for it later when I’ve found out what it’s for. It must be something very important because there certainly seems to be a hell of a lot of it. Hey! What’s this thing? This . . . let’s call it a tailâ€"yeah, tail. Hey! I can really thrash it about pretty good, can’t I? Wow! Wow! That feels great! Doesn’t seem to achieve very much but I’ll probably find out what it’s for later on. Now, have I built up any coherent picture of things yet? No. Never mind, hey, this is really exciting, so much to find out about, so much to look forward to, I’m quite dizzy with anticipation . . . Or is it the wind? There really is a lot of that now, isn’t there? And wow! Hey! What’s this thing suddenly coming toward me very fast? Very, very fast. So big and flat and round, it needs a big wide-sounding name like . . . ow . . . ound . . . round . . . ground! That’s it! That’s a good nameâ€"ground! I wonder if it will be friends with me? And the rest, after a sudden wet thud, was silence. Curiously enough, the only thing that went through the mind of the bowl of petunias as it fell was Oh no, not again. Many people have speculated that if we knew exactly why the bowl of petunias had thought that we would know a lot more about the nature of the Universe than we do now. Specimen  74686973: Nearby, above the sink, is Discworld, from Terry Pratchett’s 40 (and counting) Discworld novels, painted by Jo T. ‘08. Much like Douglas Adams, Terry Pratchett deals in hilarity and improbabilities. Here is a description of the Diskworld from the first page of  The Colour of Magic: In a distant and secondhand set of dimensions, in an astral plane that was never meant to fly, the curling star-mists waver and part . . . See . . . Great A’Tuin the turtle comes, swimming slowly through the interstellar gulf, hydrogen frost on his ponderous limbs, his huge and ancient shell pocked with meteor craters. Through sea-sized eyes that are crusted with rheum and asteroid dust He stares fixedly at the Destination. In a brain bigger than a city, with geological slowness, He thinks only of the Weight. Most of the weight is of course accounted for by Berilia, Tubul, Great T’Phon and Jerakeen, the four giant elephants upon whose broad and star-tanned shoulders the Disc of the World rests, garlanded by the long waterfall at its vast circumference and domed by the baby-blue vault of Heaven. Astropsychology has been, as yet, unable to establish what they think about. Specimen  6D6573736167652E: Gromit, painted here by Jo T. ‘08, is on a vacation to the moon in a homemade rocket in A Grand Day Out with Wallace and Gromit. Specimen  506C65617365:   These are ships from the video game Star Control II (which came out the year I was born), painted by Capen L. ‘09. The screenshot of the game is from Wikipedia. Specimen  656E636F64652E: Planet Express from Futurama, painted by Jason J. ‘08, seems to be returning to the Milky Way from a delivery to  a very distant world. Specimen  5468616E6B20796F75: From Halo, here are the Pillar of Autumn, two covenant ships, and the space station the game is named after, painted by Audrey H. ‘11.  I haven’t played Halo. Cory tells me that the space station is simultaneously a weapon of mass destruction and a massive stretch of habitable land. Specimen  666F72: Dangerously close to the moon rocket is the ship Serenity from Firefly, a space western and one of the best and most short-lived shows. Serenity is shaped like a firefly, with a lighted tail. Here it is painted by Audrey H. ‘11. Specimen  72656164696E672E: A distressed alien of unknown name and origin, painted by Jo T. ‘08 (“I don’t think it was from anything specific, just a Google image search.”) is at the entrance to the bathroom. I suspect it may be based on Slurms McKenzie from the Futurama episode “Fry and the Slurm Factory” (or an actual alien). Specimen  3A29: Finally we return to our own galaxy, the Milky Way, painted by Drew A. ‘08: our familiar home, floating across the ceiling through  9AC2DB and 244D63 skies, in a gallon of 384349 and dotted with stars.

The Problematic Class System Essay - 461 Words

The Problematic Class System Ever since the beginning of civilization, there has been a difference in economic and social, creating two separate classes. The wealthier and educated made up the upper status of society making up what is today called upper class. The poor and uneducated made up the people which were often looked down upon by the upper class, and now make up what is considered lower class. This was true in the earliest times of the bible, through the Renaissance time period and even to today. It is nearly impossible for the lower class to become higher class, much less middle class, without being provided a full education by the higher classes. Why can these people of lower class†¦show more content†¦College is too much money and â€Å"they got along fine without a college education,† which is sometimes the case, but severely limits future opportunities for their children. Lower class is a vicious cycle. These people represent the people in the cave which can only see the shadows of what is happening around them. They are never allowed out to see the light of a true education, and have to remain in the dark all of their lives. The upper and even middle class, which usually has a good education, have the duty to show the lower class the light and to get these people out of the shadows for good. This can and is being done minutely to help the uneducated by providing scholarships, but for the most part no one is doing anything to help the less fortunate. Unfortunately, today has a very â€Å"everyone for themselves† attitude. Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for life. We need to be concerned for their future, if no one else is, because their future depends solely on their education. We need to make it our goal as a society to educate the uneducated. If everyone is educated then there is equal opportunity and pay therefore eliminating social class. If the enlightened educated class can just come into the cave, relate with the people, and then actually show them the light, rather than telling them what to do, we canShow MoreRelatedCritique on the Cri minal Justice System and Social Media764 Words   |  4 PagesInteresting Points: a. An interesting point I found was the contribution of the criminal justice system to an ideology. The ideology is explained as the set of beliefs that formulate and justify the existing state of affairs and its unfairness. The message being conveyed by the criminal justice system is that the result of criminality is from a single persons weakness versus the inequities of the social class (177, 2). 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Effects Of 2008 Crisis N Political Economy Decisions

STUDENT ID: S00801773 International Business Economics INB 460 Effects of 2008 crisis n political economy decisions in two countries: India China Word Count: 1647 Contents Introduction 3 China 3 India 4 Economic Policies 4 FDI 4 GDP 7 Inflation 8 Current Account 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 10 Introduction The financial crisis, which began in late 2007 in US, went on to affect Europe and Asian counties. The economists were of the opinion that it would not affect the developing nations like China and India. Moreover as per the economists, these countries have already adopted reforms, which would make them withstand such crisis, and hence would be able to sail through it. But that was not the case. We would be comparing the economic policies of these countries’. Both the countries’ have high economic growth rate since last decade or so and are rapidly raising their footprint in global scenario. China China opened its arms’ in the late 70’s and since then has never looked back. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Free Essays

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very serious psychological disorder many ordinary people can develop. It causes large scale depression and can severely damage relationships and lives. Its main causes are from a person experiencing or witnessing an event involving death or serious injury. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person’s response to the trauma usually involves fear, helplessness or horror. In children evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be exhibited in disorganized or agitated behaviors. One of the most common side effects of PTSD in adults is the recurring thoughts, images and perceptions about the specific trauma they endured. Consistent, frightening dreams of the event are also signs of developing PTSD. For children, they may also experience frightening dreams but with unrecognizable content they might not understand too well. Adults can also exhibit signs by acting as if they were reliving the events over and over again. Another sign of PTSD is the avoidance of thoughts, feelings and conversations with others about what happened, and the restricted range of affections and emotions exhibited by the individual. Many people feel like they are unable to have loving feelings and can have a sense of a foreshortened future where they can’t picture themselves having a career, marriage, children or even a normal life span. In most cases, the symptoms of PTSD begin to surface around 3 months after the specific event, but can be seen or experienced earlier as well. The symptoms generally tend to stay around for not too long of a time but for some people it can become chronic and never go away for as long as they live. Victims can begin to feel detached from society and estranged by their peers and others, as if they were all alone with no one there for them. Victims can also have difficulties concentrating, become hyper vigilant, which means a person has an increased state of anxiety and is constantly scanning their surroundings for threats, and exaggerated startled responses which is a side effect of all the anxiety they’re putting their minds through. Along with high states of anxiety, difficulty sleeping, extreme irritability, outbursts of anger for non-important reasons and severe depression are seen in many PTSD patients. Symptoms have been known to be worse when the trauma experienced is from intentional human actions rather than something like a natural disaster. Also, when something involves mass casualties like war, someone who survives can experience something known as survivor’s guilt where they feel guilty for getting through it meanwhile they lost loved ones and friends. The most vivid, disturbing way to experience PTSD is through a flashback. A flashback is when a person has recurring images flash before him when looking at normal things and cause the victim to be transported back to where the trauma took place and even begin to make the person feel, see, and smell the things he might’ve on that day or time period. This is especially common with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been known to be upset by war movies, hot humid weather, and even Asian cooking as it brings them back to the times when they were overseas and where they lost a lot of friends. PTSD has always been closely tied to the history of human warfare, not just the Vietnam War. PTSD is also known to soldiers and veterans as soldier’s heart, combat neurosis, and battle fatigue, meaning a soldier can lose their will to live and fight and just want to give up. Combat veterans who have witnessed or committed violent acts are more likely to develop PTSD. The men who liberated the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely distressed by the things they saw were being done to people. And through to today in the prisons the United States has where they keep war criminals and suspected terrorists like Abu Ghraib. Soldiers who were stationed there had seen some horrific things done to people, and those images could stick with them for a very long time. However, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD became a well-known and serious mental health condition and captured the interest of doctors and psychiatrists. A study done on Vietnam War veterans showed that at least 1. 7 million veterans had experienced a serious case of PTSD when their tour was over or after the war. The attention received by the Vietnam War veterans also helped shed a light onto victims of other wars and events and allowed the still living Holocaust survivors to seek help if they wished. Another study showed that 55% of women were victims of a violent crime and that one in four of these women suffered from PTSD. It can affect everyone for an unlimited amount of reason ranging from natural disasters like a hurricane or earthquake to something more recent like the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. Many civilians who escaped New York City that day saw and experienced some of the worst things imaginable, and one of the largest groups of people who suffered from that event was the members of the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD. With the FDNY losing 343 firemen, the NYPD losing 23 police officers and the PAPD losing 7 officers, the first responders to the World Trade Center suffered heavy casualties. A lot of people lost fellow brothers and sisters going into the buildings attempting to save innocent civilians and lost their lives. A horrific event like 9/11 affects a larger amount of people and hits them harder than other things due to the severity, lives lost, and pointlessness of the attack. People who already may have underlying or prior mental health problems are more likely to develop PTSD. Genetics also play a role in making some people susceptible to PTSD and two people who are experiencing the same trauma can have two different outcomes. One person might be able to get through it and the other might be completely mentally exhausted and suffer the worst of the symptoms. People may not even know they have PTSD until the death of a close friend or relative or a divorce or something life changing brings them to an emotional low and can make them recall what they may have gone through. PTSD is a serious mental condition that affects more people than anyone might know. Some people are good at hiding feelings while others are not. Sadly some sufferers resort to using heavy quantities of alcohol and tranquilizers to numb their pain and make them able to cope with the disturbing recollections, nightmares and sleep problems and sadly many end up dependent on the drugs they’re using. PTSD can also lead to suicide if the victim experiences sever amounts of survivor’s guilt or feels as if they can’t take it anymore. Works Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. † Salem Health Psychology Mental Health. First edition. Editor: Nancy Piotrowski. Volume 4 Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. Print. 2. Miller, Allen, â€Å"Living With Anxiety Disorders† New York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder† The Encyclopedia of Mental Health Ada Kahn. First Edition. Volume 1 New York. Facts on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/wtc/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011 How to cite Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Essay examples Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Free Essays He himself also suffers from OPTS, and has chapters about his thoughts, feelings, and family intervention when he was writing his memoir. â€Å"Speaking of Courage,† tells the story of another member of Tim O’Brien platoon, Norman Booker, following his return to his hometown In Iowa. Booker feels responsible for the death of Kiowa, who literally drowned In human excrement during a firefight when the platoon was encamped in what turned out to be a field of sewage. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now Frozen in panic, Booker could not bring himself to move and pull the wounded Kiowa out of the stinking sewage. Now, back in Iowa, he simply drives In circles around town, feeling aimless and out of place. ‘How to Tell a True War Story Is a collection of small stones Interspersed with instructions about â€Å"true† war stories. The narrator tells the story of his friend Rat Killed, who writes a letter to the sister of his buddy who had been killed a week earlier. It is a long, heartfelt letter. He waits for two months for a reply to the letter, but the sister never writes back. The story then shifts to commentary. A true war story Is never moral† (O’Brien 65) the narrator Instructs. These two stories contain read examples of different symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, in a way that can further explain them to the reader. The Vietnam War was fought by an ideology against an Ideology, and ultimately solved very little while hurting so many. OPTS is a mental Illness that Is cause by a traumatic event that has happened In ones life and can be easily triggered by a daily activity. Pony close evaluation, Tim O’Brien collection, The Things They Carried, explores the effects of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in relation to Vietnam, since characters possess prone to angry outburst, elapse, and suicidal tendencies. The tragic events that are witnessed during the war in â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story’ can cause immediate cases of anger outbursts. Anger is said to be a cover for other emotions such as fear or hurt, and can also be a way of pushing people away in order to protect oneself. However, tendencies for sudden outbursts of anger are Like a manifestation of hyper-vigilance and fear of loss of control. In â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† Rat Killed looses his best friend, Curt Lemon, after being blown up while playing a game of catch. This has caused some sadness and anger to build up inside him. Later that day, the troops come across a baby buffalo that the end up bringing with them to s deserted village. After the failed attempt of Rat trying to feed the baby buffalo, â€Å"he stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. It went down hard, 1 OFF to hurt†¦ There wasn’t a great deal of pity for the baby water buffalo. Curt Lemon was dead† (O’Brien 75). In the article â€Å"Anger, Hostility, and OPTS,† written by Roth and Wielded, they say that â€Å"as a consequence, hostility causes an increase frequency of anger and aggression. Thus, anger and hostility may reciprocally activate each other and motivate the individual to aggressive behavior against others†(699). Rat Killed tortures a baby water buffalo because he cannot sit with his emotions about Curt Lemon’s death. Skills method of abuse to this animal was very strategic due to the way he stepped back; shot the buffalo in the ear and then the right knee. The shots were not random, but were very specific and thought through. What O’Brien meant by not wanting to kill the animal, but to hurt it, was that the pain that Killed was leaning he wanted to see someone else feel it to. Rotor’s thought of reciprocal activity is shown through Skills obsession of seeing this living thing suffer, Just as he was suffering from the loss of his dear friend. Skills angry outburst was Just the start of his OPTS that was caused from this traumatic event that he had witnessed, since anger can motivate to lash out with aggressive behavior. While one can reduce the severe-news of OPTS, there’s always a possibility for a relapse, which is the case for Norman Booker in â€Å"Speaking of Courage. † In the case of OPTS, relapse is the worsening of symptoms or the recurrence of unhealthy behaviors. As a way of marking time, Norman Booker repeatedly drives a loop around the local lake remembering old girlfriends, hoping one day to track down high-school buddies who have moved to Des Monies or Sioux, and how he would explain Kiosk’s death in the field. When Booker was in â€Å"high school, at night, he had driven around and around it with Sally Kramer†¦ Or other times with friends, talking about urgent matters†¦ Then, there had not been war†(O’Brien 132). Booker came home to find hat Sally was married, his friends were gone, and his father was at home watching TV. He made it seem like it wasn’t a problem, but that was when he went â€Å"he took [his dad’s] Chevy on another seven-mile turn around the lake (O’Brien 133). According to John H. Attainment, author of Twentieth Century Literature, Norman Bookers’ â€Å"aimless circling works then to demonstrate his inability to settle back into the routine of the world and exemplifies the psychological distance between his former and present selves† (108). O’Brien shows Booker’s relapse by circling the lake before ND after the war, as the relapse is encapsulated by his trip around the lake back in high school with Sally and doing it again after the war, with out her this time. Booker aimlessly circling the lake shows that he is unable to break free from its pull, since lake triggers a relapse by his inability to settle back into civilization. Booker portrays Attainment’s psychological distancing when he talks about the time before the war. So, the fact that Norman Booker circles the same lake as he did before the war, and constantly is thinking about what he has lost from being at war, shows that Booker is experiencing a relapse as a side effect of his OPTS. Thoughts of suicide are a major symptom of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and are explored in the short story â€Å"Speaking of Courage†. War Veterans experience so much when in combat that their lives can hardly ever be normal and having to adjust to being back home can be a struggle. Booker had two friend, Max and Kiowa, both who which drowned in lakes, which had a major impact on Booker. Norman Booker a time he got out, walked down to the beach, and waded into the lake without undressing. The water felt warm against his skin. He put his head under. He opened his lips, very slightly, for the taste, then he stood up and folded his arms and watch the 148). In an interview with Tim O’Brien, he mentions that this story â€Å"came from a letter [he] received from a guy name Norman Booker, a real guy, who committed suicide after [he] received his letter. He was talking to [O’Brien] in his letter about how he Just couldn’t adjust to coming home. It wasn’t bad memories; it was that he couldn’t talk to any about it (Unapparent 7). That was when O’Brien followed that story with the essay â€Å"Notes,† to inform that â€Å"three years later hanged myself in the locker room of a YMCA in his hometown of Iowa† (O’Brien 149). In â€Å"Speaking of Courage†, Booker didn’t go into the lake to watch the fireworks; instead it was a mere thought of suicide, indicated by how Norman was fully dressed, submerging his entire body under water, and opening his mouth. Folding of his arms may hint that Booker is content with ending his life the way his buddies did. O’Brien point on Booker not being able to adjust to coming home, and attempt of suicide could have been a foreshadow of his actual suicide that happen a few years later. Booker was suffering many symptoms of OPTS, but it is evident that his suicidal thoughts had taken what was left of him, as it does to many war veterans. Angry outbursts, relapse, and suicidal thoughts are only a few of the Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms that are discussed through out Tim O’Brien The Things They Carried, but they are not the only ones that these characters possess. Norman Booker and Rat Killed are two characters that suffer from OPTS. Booker experiences relapse and suicidal thoughts as his symptoms; where as, Killed suffers from angry outburst. O’Brien is a credible source for authenticating what fines a true story due to the fact he was part of the Vietnam war and he also suffers from OPTS. From the research gathered about OPTS symptoms, it is clear over the struggles that some go through dealing with this disorder. OPTS is a fracture’ in your experience of life, caused by a traumatic event. You and no one else cause this fracture in your mind because it is response for attempting to cope with what happened. But unfortunately, it’s an ill-informed response. So the next time a song is on repeat in your mind, Just imagine it’s a repeat of your most horrific memories. How to cite Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Papers Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Free Essays Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very serious psychological disorder many ordinary people can develop. It causes large scale depression and can severely damage relationships and lives. Its main causes are from a person experiencing or witnessing an event involving death or serious injury. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person’s response to the trauma usually involves fear, helplessness or horror. In children evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be exhibited in disorganized or agitated behaviors. One of the most common side effects of PTSD in adults is the recurring thoughts, images and perceptions about the specific trauma they endured. Consistent, frightening dreams of the event are also signs of developing PTSD. For children, they may also experience frightening dreams but with unrecognizable content they might not understand too well. Adults can also exhibit signs by acting as if they were reliving the events over and over again. Another sign of PTSD is the avoidance of thoughts, feelings and conversations with others about what happened, and the restricted range of affections and emotions exhibited by the individual. Many people feel like they are unable to have loving feelings and can have a sense of a foreshortened future where they can’t picture themselves having a career, marriage, children or even a normal life span. In most cases, the symptoms of PTSD begin to surface around 3 months after the specific event, but can be seen or experienced earlier as well. The symptoms generally tend to stay around for not too long of a time but for some people it can become chronic and never go away for as long as they live. Victims can begin to feel detached from society and estranged by their peers and others, as if they were all alone with no one there for them. Victims can also have difficulties concentrating, become hyper vigilant, which means a person has an increased state of anxiety and is constantly scanning their surroundings for threats, and exaggerated startled responses which is a side effect of all the anxiety they’re putting their minds through. Along with high states of anxiety, difficulty sleeping, extreme irritability, outbursts of anger for non-important reasons and severe depression are seen in many PTSD patients. Symptoms have been known to be worse when the trauma experienced is from intentional human actions rather than something like a natural disaster. Also, when something involves mass casualties like war, someone who survives can experience something known as survivor’s guilt where they feel guilty for getting through it meanwhile they lost loved ones and friends. The most vivid, disturbing way to experience PTSD is through a flashback. A flashback is when a person has recurring images flash before him when looking at normal things and cause the victim to be transported back to where the trauma took place and even begin to make the person feel, see, and smell the things he might’ve on that day or time period. This is especially common with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been known to be upset by war movies, hot humid weather, and even Asian cooking as it brings them back to the times when they were overseas and where they lost a lot of friends. PTSD has always been closely tied to the history of human warfare, not just the Vietnam War. PTSD is also known to soldiers and veterans as soldier’s heart, combat neurosis, and battle fatigue, meaning a soldier can lose their will to live and fight and just want to give up. Combat veterans who have witnessed or committed violent acts are more likely to develop PTSD. The men who liberated the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely distressed by the things they saw were being done to people. And through to today in the prisons the United States has where they keep war criminals and suspected terrorists like Abu Ghraib. Soldiers who were stationed there had seen some horrific things done to people, and those images could stick with them for a very long time. However, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD became a well-known and serious mental health condition and captured the interest of doctors and psychiatrists. A study done on Vietnam War veterans showed that at least 1. 7 million veterans had experienced a serious case of PTSD when their tour was over or after the war. The attention received by the Vietnam War veterans also helped shed a light onto victims of other wars and events and allowed the still living Holocaust survivors to seek help if they wished. Another study showed that 55% of women were victims of a violent crime and that one in four of these women suffered from PTSD. It can affect everyone for an unlimited amount of reason ranging from natural disasters like a hurricane or earthquake to something more recent like the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. Many civilians who escaped New York City that day saw and experienced some of the worst things imaginable, and one of the largest groups of people who suffered from that event was the members of the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD. With the FDNY losing 343 firemen, the NYPD losing 23 police officers and the PAPD losing 7 officers, the first responders to the World Trade Center suffered heavy casualties. A lot of people lost fellow brothers and sisters going into the buildings attempting to save innocent civilians and lost their lives. A horrific event like 9/11 affects a larger amount of people and hits them harder than other things due to the severity, lives lost, and pointlessness of the attack. People who already may have underlying or prior mental health problems are more likely to develop PTSD. Genetics also play a role in making some people susceptible to PTSD and two people who are experiencing the same trauma can have two different outcomes. One person might be able to get through it and the other might be completely mentally exhausted and suffer the worst of the symptoms. People may not even know they have PTSD until the death of a close friend or relative or a divorce or something life changing brings them to an emotional low and can make them recall what they may have gone through. PTSD is a serious mental condition that affects more people than anyone might know. Some people are good at hiding feelings while others are not. Sadly some sufferers resort to using heavy quantities of alcohol and tranquilizers to numb their pain and make them able to cope with the disturbing recollections, nightmares and sleep problems and sadly many end up dependent on the drugs they’re using. PTSD can also lead to suicide if the victim experiences sever amounts of survivor’s guilt or feels as if they can’t take it anymore. Works Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. † Salem Health Psychology Mental Health. First edition. Editor: Nancy Piotrowski. Volume 4 Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. Print. 2. Miller, Allen, â€Å"Living With Anxiety Disorders† New York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder† The Encyclopedia of Mental Health Ada Kahn. First Edition. Volume 1 New York. Facts on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/wtc/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011 How to cite Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Papers

Leading in Contemporary Organizations International HRM

Question: Describe about Leading in Contemporary Organizations of International HRM. Answer: Introduction Diversity in the workplace refers as different variety of people or employees within the organisation. The diversity issue within the organisation mainly varies due to the gender, race, ethnic group, education, culture, background of the people. From the several market surveys it can be observed that diversity not only engages how individuals observe themselves, other than how the individuals distinguish other people. Those points of view of the people affect their connections and the relationship. For a broad variety of employees to function efficiently as an association, human resource experts or managers require to contract efficiently with matters such as adaptability communication, and alteration. To maintain the success of the organisation workplace diversity is quite effective task for any organisation and their management team (Albrecht, 2001). To get an effective observation about the workplace diversity and impact of contemporary leadership in the organisation the researche r obtain one of the most leading supermarket giants of UK Tesco PLC. With the help of workplace diversity the organisation can effectively increase their adaptability among the employees and it provides wider service range in the organisation. Background of the organisation Tesco PLC is one of the largest supermarket chains in the UK market. The organisation has operated almost 12 countries all over the world. To expand their business in the worldwide market the organisation depends on supermarket, hypermarket and superstore products. According to the recent market survey it can be observed that, Tesco has approximately 500000 numbers of people across the globe. To manage the employees within the organisation the leaders or the managers of the organisation needs to develop a well build leadership strategies in their job role to control over them (Amaram, 2011). Due to the huge number of employees in the organisation and due to the several employees came from various region of the world with different culture, different background of studies, different race and gender the management needs to control on the diversity issues in the organisation for their better performance in the retail market place. Issues within the organisation The main issues in the organisation like Tesco Plc are the diversity issues in their workplace. For getting effective outcomes in the business the organisation or the management of the Tesco Plc needs to aware about some diversity management program for their better performance in the workplace. Due to the various culture people in the workplace and different gender, race and academic background of the employees it harms the work culture and work environment in the workplace (Batten, 1992). To mitigate those issues the contemporary leaders of the organisation needs to adopt better leadership strategies in their business to make healthier relation with the and among the employees. For lack of communication problem in the organisation the employees faces several problems like not sharing the information within the workplace, inequality and partiality etc, which leads dreadful scenario in the work environment (Darden, n.d.). Importance of managerial communication with employees According to the present scenario, it can be said that, due to the lack of employee manager communication the organisation has faces several issues which is related concerning with the diversity problem in their business (GRENSING-POPHAL, 1997). To mitigate the issues regarding diversity the leaders or the managers of the organisation needs to be more communicative with the employees. By the help of proper communication with the employees it can enhance the performance of the employees and they can share their opinion without any hesitation (GroÃÅ'ˆschl, 2011). Due to the diversity issues in the retail chain market like Tesco the employees of the organisation cannot share their ideas and openness with their team leaders or the managers which can bring lack of performance. To mitigate the issues from the organisation the management or the managers needs to communicate with the employees in formal or informal ways to enhance their confidence in their job role (Gwele, 2009). By com municating well with the employee the managers of the organisation get effective outcomes in several areas such as Better employee relation To maintain effective manager employee relation in the organisation effective communication is very much essential tool for the managers (Williams, 2005). By the help of effective communication the manager can analyse and assess the performance of the employees in the workplace which enhance to make better relation with the managers. Productivity gaining To get more productive outcomes from the employees, management of Tesco mostly relies on the better communication process (Henderson, 1994). By the help of face to face conversation with the employees the manager can understand the lagging areas of the individuals. To reduce the dissatisfying factors from the peoples mind the manager provide effective motivational strategies in their business and open communication process. Better problem solving abilities Open communication makes the employees more comfortable to work in a new and different situation. For a newly joined employee it is not so easy task for them to communicate with the others quite easily (Kikoski and Kikoski, 1996). By the help of managers openness and friendly communication makes them more comfortable in the workplace and it can help the managers to provide more members in their team to solve a critical problem and achieve the desired objectives for the organisation. Globalize their business Tesco is an international retail supermarket chain. To enhance their business in the global market the organisation needs to globalize their business more and more and for globalize the business the organisation needs to recruit more different culture and different society people in their business (Lakmal, n.d.). To make the workplace diversity effective and to make the work culture better the managers needs to be more open in their communication. Skills needed to overcome issues In the successful business operation the management needs to rely on the several tool and techniques to mitigate the workplace diversity from the Tesco. To overcome the diversity related issues in the workplace apart from the effective communication process the organisation needs to adopt better planning of the diversity management and better implication plan. Implication and planning Business directors, keeping in mind the end goal to adequately oversee differing qualities, must have the capacity to arrange and execute an assorted qualities arrangement. This includes mapping out an approach to make gratefulness for differences in all workers in the organisation (McMahon, 2011). A few strategies exist to help the managers to address those issues. An assorted quality withdraws similarly permits representatives to become acquainted with each other and build up gratefulness for each other outside of work place. By select a diverse quality employees in the organisation can build different cultural aspects in the organisation which can enhance the work environment, for implementing more cultural diversity in the organisation. In a perfect world, these individuals have to work for the organization and volunteer for the undertaking. As a major aspect of their responsibility, the individuals needs to go to differences association or different seminar for the diversity man agement programme on more than one occasion a year and keep the employees learned and open to mix their qualities. Resolution skills A key apparatus to overseeing working environment differences is the capacity to handle strife. Contradictions that emerge due to social contrasts must be taken care of quickly and quickly as to not diminish profitability in the work environment (Morgan and VaÃÅ' rdy, 2006). Be objective. At the point when examining a contradiction, be reasonable, objective and verifiable all the while. Get some information about what happened and take notes as needs be. Get to the base of the issue and, rather than setting all faults on one individual, ensure every individual knows the significance of tolerating everybody and valuing their part in the workplace. Possible options for developing the skills needed in the managers perspective To develop skills to mitigate the diversity issues in the workplace the managers of the organisation needs to develop effective leadership strategies in their business operation. To make an effective outcome for the diversity related issues within the organisation the managers needs to adopt better leadership theories in their job role (Nickens and Smedley, 2001). To develop a better understanding in the workplace and to get positive outcomes in the organisation the managers have to depend on two leadership theories such as: The trait theory of leadership In this trait theory the leaders or the managers are mainly focused on the task based activities. According to the situation the individuals alter their leadership styles. To mitigate the diversity issues in the workplace this theory implication is quite essential for the managers for their better outcomes in the workplace. To reduce the gender inequality, racism, adjustment in the organisation this theory helps the managers to develop their skills and openness to experience better performance in their job role (Pollitt, 2006). With the help of modern trait theory the managers of the organisation like Tesco can increase their adaptability and it could supply the several of solutions for the diversity mitigation plan. The Behavioural theory of leadership To manage people in the organisation the managers needs good personality. According to the behavioural theory of leadership the leaders or the managers can understand their confidence level and strong personality enhancement skills in their responsibility. To mitigate the diversity related issues within the workplace the managers needs to be stronger in personality and they needs to have positive ego to analyse their self efficiency level in the organisation (Schyns and Meindl, 2005). To influence other in the organisation the manager needs better motivational skills in their behaviour by which they can attract and help the employees to communicate well with them. Proper and effective communication process can mitigate the diversity issues in the large scale organisation like Tesco. Apart from the different leadership style and theory implication the managers needs to provide effective seminar and training development programme on the basis of diversity management plans in the organisation. Recommendation After analysing all the factors from this report, the researcher can recommended that, offering diversity awareness training programme for the employees could enhance their performance and increase the work environment better for the organisation. Exploit some staff meetings and different employee assemblies as an occasion to highlight the significance of open-mindedness in the workplace and the understanding of dissimilarities. Present written information and cyclic emails can encourage workers to realize the diversity of the organisation (Walton, 1994). These administrator postures will build it obvious that employees are waiting for to training open-mindedness in their job role. Top of the organisation make measuring and estimating their diversity procedure an essential fraction of their business system. A customizable worker fulfilment review can achieve this measurement for Tesco PLC professionally and expediently. Conclusion From the above study it can be concluded that diversity related issues can harm the fruitful business procedure for the organisation and as a manager or a leader, the individual needs to aware about the diversity management plan in his mind. To manage the diversity issues in Tesco the manager needs to communicate properly in formal and informal way with the employees in the workplace. In this study the researcher has concluded that attitude of openness among the employees and the managers can mitigate the diversity issues within the organisation. By promoting effective leadership theories implication in the organisation can be benefited to achieve the short term and long term objectives for the company. References Albrecht, M. (2001). International HRM. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. Amaram, D. (2011). Cultural Diversity: Implications For Workplace Management. JDM, 2(4), p.1. Batten, E. (1992). Diversity in the high-tech workplace: forums for diversity. IEEE Spectr., 29(6), pp.27-29. Darden, D. (n.d.). Diversity in the Workplace. SSRN Electronic Journal. GRENSING-POPHAL, L. (1997). Dealing with diversity in the workplace. Nursing, 27(9), p.78. GroÃÅ'ˆschl, S. (2011). Diversity in the workplace. Burlington, Vt.: Gower. Gwele, N. (2009). Diversity management in the workplace: beyond compliance. curationis, 32(2). Henderson, G. (1994). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Jackson, S. (1992). Diversity in the workplace. New York: Guilford Press. Kikoski, J. and Kikoski, C. (1996). Reflexive communication in the culturally diverse workplace. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. Lakmal, D. (n.d.). Managing the Challenge of Generational Diversity in the Workplace. SSRN Electronic Journal. McMahon, A. (2011). Does Workplace Diversity Matter? A Survey Of Empirical Studies On Diversity And Firm Performance, 2000-09. JDM, 5(2). Morgan, J. and VaÃÅ' rdy, F. (2006). Diversity in the workplace. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute. Nickens, H. and Smedley, B. (2001). The right thing to do, the smart thing to do. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Pollitt, D. (2006). Diversity in the workforce. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Schyns, B. and Meindl, J. (2005). Implicit leadership theories. Greenwich, Conn.: Information Age Pub. Walton, S. (1994). Cultural diversity in the workplace. Burr Ridge, Ill.: Irwin Professional Pub./Mirror Press. Williams, M. (2005). Leadership for leaders. London: Thorogood.

Topic American History- Winthrop, Hutchinson Political Morality In We

topic: American History- Winthrop, Hutchinson Political Morality In Webster's dictionary, morality is defined as "principles of right and wrong in conduct; ethics." The principles of morality have countless times evolved over the ages. In earlier times, death was an easy penalty for many crimes. These crimes today are considered minor and are penalized with a slap on the hand. Is this considered wrong? Who is the correct authority to consult on what is right or wrong? In today's society, two major factors concern how the way members of society act and behave. The first is our national government. Members of our government in positions of authority decide everything in our lives in the form of laws which determine our behavior. One of the most important documents written by our government is the Declaration of Independence. The monarchy was taking away power from the colonists and putting more demands on. In return, the colonists declared their fr eedom from their tyrant. In this document, it states, "All men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The great men who wrote this down had a strong sense of morals. They believed that men were given rights by God that no one could take away. This is essential to the issue of morality because it determines the rights- that are agreed upon all- are wrong. This brings us to religion. Religion is a major contributor to how we think and act because it mirrors our beliefs in what we hold as right or wrong. An example of this is the native tribes of africa and South America where a number of tribes practice cannibalism. While this is considered a sin in most christian religions, the tribes have evolved into cannibalism as a way to survive in life and have no objections to their eating habits. The problem arises when the line between government and reli gion is crossed. While religion does not have to power to punish one physically, but rather soulfully of one has sinned. The government has the power to sentence punishment, yet should have no power concerning God. Many different religions have evolved all over the world and in the process, have people have been prosecuted in their faith. The first settlers in the new world came here to avoid prosecution from the powerful church/government of that time. Specifically, the Church of England headed by the king. Puritan leaders led their followers to a place where they could express their religion with no fear of other faiths. One such leader was John Winthrop. John Winthrop was a powerful Puritan governor in the colony of Massachusetts Bay. He believed that this was a calling from God for him to lead the new religious experiment-a covenant with God to built a model for mankind. "We shall be a city upon the hill." declared Winthrop. As governor Winthrop held cons iderable power. He distrusted the commoners and thought democracy was the "meanest and worst" forms of government. Anyone who brought trouble or had indifferent thought were severely punished to "save their soul." As one of his extensions of his powers he banished Roger Williams, a popular Salem minister with radical ideas and an unrestrained tongue, and Mistress Anne Hutchinson, A strong willed women who challenged the authority of the clergy by stating the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man. Several problems arise throughout this banishment. I am for a democratic society in which one can express his or her thoughts without the fear of prosecution. They did not have the luxury of this. The need for the expressment of ideas is essential for a growing environment. If no growth is made, then expansion of the community is halted to a standstill. The limit of new idea's must have a point, though. In recent news, the Unabomber has issued a ulti manium with his manuscript. In the past, such a request would have been rediculous. In his manuscript he expresses his view on the evils of technology. While a citizen is entitled to free speech and press, threatening murder is not such an option.

Analysis Essay Example on The Killing of Mr. Chippendale

Analysis Essay Example on The Killing of Mr. Chippendale The Killing of Mr. Chippendale Essay Example This literary work is one of the masterpieces that demonstrate how the personal qualities of an individual can be expressed more easily and with accuracy. The murder of Mr. Robert Chippendale is just a tool that presents the real picture of how various people held him. The act of murder meted on him is bitter, but the hole it left in the heart of people carried the highest weight. This was one of the most talented teachers that went beyond his assigned teaching duty, but offered free life skill lesson to the students. He was hailed as one of the best academic heroes with sound ideas in any intellectual discourse as exhibited by this part of the poem Study peoples faces, not French fries. Hear how they order, not what. ( 28). He was one of the few people who condemned a wrongdoing at the instant it was committed without fear or favor as the immediate surrounding would demand, and this came to enhance the effectiveness of his discipline strategies. He was a passionate man with the unrelenting spirit of excellence. The death of Mr. C tells a lot about his character and personality As can be evidenced from the emotions and in-depth feeling of pain among the mourners, it left a lot of questions about this renowned English teacher. Starting with the rolling tears in the eyes of Angela, we can conclude that Mr. Chippendale was a living character with great and welcoming heart which was open and accommodative (Glenn 62). He was also an all round personality who interacted and made friendship without definite boundaries. For instance, Angela fell in love with Mr. C. inspite of their professional relationship and the workplace situation. Other characters, as young as his students, revealed their deeper desire and affection for him. One of the students openly admitted having a crush on him. The same sentiments were shared by the board of education of the institution who felt deprived following the morning shorting incident. Mr. C. was a very determined and hardworking professional English teacher He often punished students who performed below average in their class work and assignments. He was commended for his hard work by the school management on a number of occasions. His active participation in the school activities and programs, as designed and accorded by the authority, are the evidences of his dedication and determination in his duties and responsibilities. On the other hand, Mr. C. had a unique personality. He was very strict. This can be evidenced by the fact that he was not every students darling (Glenn 45-7). Some students showed their joy upon his death. He kept subjecting this group of students to punishment every time they failed to abide by the set regulations or performed relatively lower than was expected of them. This showed the kind of person Mr. Chippendale was. ORDER FOR: $Â  11.99 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { $("#miniorder_shorcode form").append($("", { "name": "_token", "value": window.Laravel.csrfToken, "type": "hidden" })); }); Celia Campbell, one of his students, claimed that this teacher was very pivotal in her life and the lessons from him left an indelible mark in her life. She was one of the students that was off the social life path and it took the parental skills blended with the authority of a teacher to be shaped by Chippendale. It is also said that this teacher was very admirable even by the students and it happened that one character, Angela Falcone, befriended him and his death was alleged to be connected with love going sour between them. Cynthia Arroyos experience with the advisory lessons with the teacher shows how straightforward this teacher was when it came to honesty about the abilities of his students. In the book Who killed Mr. Chippendale a number of characters are discussed by Glenn, the author of the book. The high school English teacher influenced many characters, especially students who were inspired by the personality and character. Upon his murder, the whole community was filled with emotions. There was a lot of suspicion on who the murderer of Mr. C. could be This prompts for police investigation into the untimely death of the renowned teachers. One of the leading characters in the book is Falcone Angela. Angela (the guidance and counseling teacher) happened to fall in love with Mr. C (as he was known among the students). Having realized the sudden death of Mr. Chippendale, his best friend, Angela, planed to revenge the pain of losing her closest friend by killing the killer of Mr. Chippendale. Although this was an unacceptable move, Angela was determined to bear the consequences of killing. This is a reflection of how valued Mr. C was to the rest of the staff. In addition, Angelas reaction is a reflection of emotional character. After approximately four years of teacher-student relationship, the death of Mr. C left a lot of emotional pain among the students. To many of them Mr. C. served as a role model and personal adviser. For instance, Celia Campbell and Cynthia Arroyo received the news of death with a lot of pain. They reflect on his teachings, especially about life skills. This is evidenced by the poems such as study peoples faces, not French fries Hear how they order, not what, and imagine a mini-biography for each of them (28). Other students, who were deeply affected by the death of their beloved teacher, are Harry Balinger and Karen Miller. Karen Miller witnessed the English teacher being shot by the armed Red. In describing her unfading memory of the incident, Miller cites what she witnessed as a never-ending video loop/projected in of [her] eyes ( 66). As expected, not everyone was unhappy with his death. This group mainly consisted of students who performed poorly in class and were often punished by Mr. C.

Extended Definition of a Genre of Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Extended Definition of a Genre of Film - Essay Example So he decided to stalk Felicity. He had found out that she had been discharged from the police force a few years ago and lived alone with her mother. Too bad she had asked for police protection after he had made the first threatening call telling her not to interfere or she’d be dead meat, just like all the others†¦' I know who you are and I know where you live' did not, however, have the desired effect of repelling her from the case. He would have to resort to sterner measures. Graham West heaved a heavy sigh as he realized that killing Felicity would be the best thing to do under the circumstances. Maybe he should kill both mother and daughter to make a statement. Busybodies, and damn the police protection- he would have to find a way to sneak into her place without causing suspicion. Wait a minute†¦ he could cut their wires and then pose as a TV repairman or something. But it would not work if she had not called for a serviceman. Thank God they had no picture of h im at Police Headquarters. Graham took his chances late evening one weekend when he was certain the police would be gainfully occupied elsewhere. Felicity did not suspect a thing when she let him in- she must have thought her mother had called for the repairman, so that was that. But what he did not expect was Fred Hurst turning up for tea unexpectedly. He sized up Hurst and decided to take a chance anyway. But they were ready for him and both Felicity and Hurst took Graham down while the mother screamed blue murder.... Dammit, that Cindy Croft at work was too juicy to resist, and such a flirt too. Half the time she was flirting with the young male staff anyway. Such a gold digger- never one for a steady relationship. Too bad he did not mix work and play, or she’d have been one of his victims too. He simply could not risk the chance of being suspected or found out or else it would all be over. It was so thrilling to have a secret life and not be found out yet†¦ the revelation would likely shock all who knew him. With Victim 14’s neck secure on a meat hook in his garage, West turned to other matters requiring his attention. He firmly suspected that the pesky detective Felicity had her eyes on him, all due to some blood of a victim’s type being found in his car. He had fooled them into believing it was his former wife’s blood- they had been divorced just six months ago. But they were not really satisfied. So he decided to stalk Felicity. He had found out that she had b een discharged from the police force a few years ago and lived alone with her mother. Too bad she had asked for police protection after he had made the first threatening call telling her not to interfere or she’d be dead meat, just like all the others†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I know who you are and I know where you live’ did not however have the desired effect of repelling her from the case. He would have to resort to sterner measures. Graham West heaved a heavy sigh as he realized that killing Felicity would be the best thing to do under the circumstances (Wilson, 45). Maybe he should kill both mother and daughter to make a statement. Busybodies, and damn the police protection- he would have to find a

The pros and cons of direct marketing and legal issues that accompany Essay

The pros and cons of direct marketing and legal issues that accompany this field - Essay Example The significance of direct marketing is beyond just selling a product because it is used by companies to enhance relationship marketing that is forming and maintaining long term relationships with customers through effective public relations activities and direct marketing assists these activities. Companies send cards and cakes on special occasions to their customers through direct mail and this incurs a positive rapport with the customers. Direct marketing not only serves the basic purpose of a company to inform the customer but also to generate positive feelings with the customers for the company (Kotler & Keller; 2002). Direct marketing roots from Europe during the middle ages or most popularly known as feudalism period and then it began to enter its golden age during the renaissance. This was the 15th century and direct marketing became a regular practice in Europe only after the invention of moveable type by Guttenberg. The first catalog in Europe was then printed in 1450. The concept of direct marketing was originated by Lester Wunderman. Lester implemented these innovative techniques over two famous brands namely; American Express and Colombia Records. The concept was originated by this man during 1961 in America but direct marketing became a regular practice only after the typewriter was invented in 1867. The credit for the first catalog through mails goes to Aaron Montgomery Ward in 1872. Since the concept was gaining popularity amongst the businesses in America so the Direct Mail Advertising Association was established in 1928 which now is known as Direct Marketing Association. With direct m arketing in full speed the most popular terms of today started to emerge and took permanent shape. Junk mail was a term used by people since 1954 and the term spam took birth in 1993 so it's still young. Since the customers became more and more aware and educated the companies had to work even harder to convince them to buy their products. The market was no longer nave and direct marketing played an essential role to maintain goodwill amongst the customers in order practice effective public relations activities and retain customers. Thus, by the 18th century direct marketing was rocketing towards the sky and it was the most popular means of advertisement and maintaining public relations. Benjamin Franklin was the first printer to stand out of the rest of the printers in Colonial America and he came up with the most famous catalog in 1974 that was close to the present day catalogs that contain information and attractive punch lines that are all intended towards customer satisfaction. Companies then began to receive orders and send products through mail. It was during the 1830's that various companies mailed the products to their customers in New England. The general feeling of disdain and detest against the middlemen started in the post civil-war period in Midwest Europe with the farmers who decided to eliminate middlemen since the farmers were buying at a higher price and then selling

Change Management Processes in Business

Change Management Processes in Business Task 1 | Creative and Innovative Change Management Tasks  (Jump to) a) Identify and describe management processes in the organization that have led to successful innovation. b) Explain how management in your selected organization would lead staff to accept and implement innovation c) Evaluate the influence of the organizations vision and mission on supporting innovation. d) Use appropriate tools and techniques to identify at least two potential creative and innovative ideas e) Assess at least three risks and three benefits of the ideas identified above f) Describe at least two appropriate change models to support the implementation of the creative and innovative ideas identified above in the organization Task 2 | Influencing change  (Jump to) a) Identified and describe the characteristics of the main groups of stakeholders. Produce a rationale to persuade stakeholders of the benefits of a creative and innovative idea b) Create a plan to communicate a creative and innovative management idea to the stakeholders identified above, persuade them of its benefits for the organization, and generate stakeholder feedback. c) Show how you would use feedback from stakeholders to identify key goals and priorities for the innovation. Task 3 | Overcoming barriers  (Jump to) a) Identify at least four possible barriers to the implementation of change in an organization b) Plan a strategy to overcome these identified barriers. c) Explain how the strategy plan will help overcome resistance. d) Create a PowerPoint presentation to communicate the strategy plan to at least five groups of stakeholders CREATIVE INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT Task 1: Innovation management processes Identify and describe management processes in the organization that have led to successful innovation. The good organizations become best by adopting innovation. It is more than an invention as it also includes an attitude that encourage new concepts and risk attach with that new concepts. Excessive investments are not needed if a company has awareness about innovation and can use it to create products with unique features. So they create a friendly behaviour for new concepts, ideas, risk, change and even failure (Fortune, March 3, 1997). Managerial innovations are those adjustments in the process of management that gives ideas of products and services and than help in their production and delivery to the customers. It is not essential that effectiveness and efficiencies of product or services get effects from innovations by management (http://tumipc.info). Product versus Process Innovations: Innovations in processes and products are very significant classifications of technical innovations. Product innovations either generate entirely new products with distinct features or may help in increasing the performance and physical features of old products and services. Process innovations are changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed. Whereas managerial innovations generally affect the broader context of development, process innovations directly affect manufacturing (http://tumipc.info), the implementation of robotics. Thus product innovations are particularly important during these beginning phases. Later, as an innovation enters the phases of growth, maturity, and decline, Vodafones ability to develop process innovations, such as fine-tuning manufacturing, increasing product quality, and improving product distribution, becomes important to maintaining economic return (http://tumipc.info). Explain how management in your selected organization would lead staff to accept and implement innovation The Human Energy of Innovation Innovation is difficult. Its hard not to be constrained by organisational history, politics and budgets. Its even harder to think of innovation as a human energy and not a process (www.10again.co.uk). Lead the Way to Successful Innovation in Vodafone The collaboration necessary, general cultural differences that can influence the process and the importance that organizational culture has on creating an environment that supports innovation, after these presentation keynotes, I often get a few people who approach me with their stories about innovation in their organizations. They tell me how great the information was and wished they could apply it into their own organizations, but they know that it would never be supported (www.bia.ca). It seems that while individuals are given the necessary time in their jobs to generate ideas, they are not given the time that is really required to explore them through a proper process for innovation. This therefore makes it difficult, if not impossible, for true innovation to happen. Now I realize that those who asked me the question may not necessarily be in positions to change their organizations cultures but maybe they could start to create change within their own spheres of influence, such as a department, plant, location, store, etc. Sometimes Vodafone need to think on a smaller scale and then demonstrate to the organization the value of what they are doing, demonstrated success will help greatly to sell the idea. Implementing innovative cultures and processes into organizations they have found that executives often ask themselves, Why are not they better at innovation? There are lots of examples out there and lots of advice. But in reality innovation challenges differ from one organization to another. Just as each innovation is unique, so is Vodafones culture. The process of innovation that works in one place will not necessarily work in another. They must consider the culture (www.bia.ca). Vodafone India further demonstrates their commitment to innovation when they build innovation into performance management. They measure managements performance on the basis of their ability to create new value-added products, services and ideas. As well, they assess the extent to which managers undertake this jointly with staff, rather than independent of their staff, because this demonstrates a clearer understanding of the use of an innovation process versus simply the result of management directive. Vodafone managers can demonstrate this in their regular department meetings by focussing on the exploration of new ideas. They can train employees in the innovation process. They can allow time for employees to explore their ideas. They apply an aggressive effort to build new opportunities based on the development of new services and products (www.bia.ca). Evaluate the influence of the organizations vision and mission on supporting innovation. In todays fast moving economic situation, mostly category breaking business environments meet their mission, vision and objectives. Only such companies meet their estimate growth, gain profit, out run their competitors and show excellence in execution. They achieve by the culture of innovation. In every industry, the leading companies are the innovators. However the cadre of innovators keeps changing (www.scribd.com). Companies may seize upon a good idea that gives them an advantage for a while, but sooner or later, they cede this advantage to a competitor who has found an even better idea. As Nicholas Stein (2000) correctly mentioned, Innovation is at the heart of sustaining Vodafones competitive advantage. This holds very true as long as they wants to stay on top of their competitors and win the innovation game. Innovation is very important criterion for success in the future, (Horibe, Frances Dale Emy, 2001) an important study done on the rate of return of 17 successful innovations shows a mean return of 56% in comparison with an average Return on Investment (ROl) of 16%. It is clear that organizations need to innovate to survive and achieve good profit figures. What to innovate? Now we understood the importance of the role that innovation plays in Vodafone. The next important question now arise is where and which things to apply innovative ideas in Vodafone India. Suggestion and recommendation for where to apply innovations are as follows (www.scribd.com): Innovation can be applied to products, services, design, invention, development, process, and systems. To make a product or service compete with the new economy. This is essentially to educate organizations to move out of their traditional old habits1 to the new innovation culture. To avoid high risks: Avoiding high risks involving money, staying ahead of competition and high pay off opportunities are the essence of the innovation To gain long term market focus, as a result the Vodafone can save money. Use appropriate tools and techniques to identify at least two potential creative and innovative ideas Creative and Innovative Culture, Change Management: Three Easy Tests Creativity can be defined as problem identification and idea generation and innovation can be defined as idea selection, development and commercialisation. From this simple definition, it is clear that certain cultural characteristics ought to be prevalent if creativity and innovation are to be maximised. And maximisation of these ought to be a priority for senior leaders, as those organisations that take them seriously, tend to be leaders in their field, tend to maintain their leadership position longer and are quicker to bounce back when competitors leap frog (http://ezinearticles.com). There are many blocks that prevent expression of problems and hinder idea generation. Some solutions include (http://ezinearticles.com): An environment of psychological safety and freedom accepting an individual as unconditioned worth; recognising that the individual is capable of producing but that their value is not based on producing; understanding empathetically; understanding the individual from their point of feeling and view (Vernon, 1970). Tolerance of failure Accepting that many ideas will fail before one worthwhile one will surface and reach commercialisation; recognising that there are benefits to failure, such as competency expansion Blade Runner was initially a commercial failure yet Ridley Scott went on to make some very successful movies. Though senior leaders pay lip service to the above, the reality is often much different. Below are some easy and simple tests to gauge how well Vodafone is performing in practice. Employee interviews. Are interviewees expected to conform to the prevalent norm of not contradicting the interviewer? If they do so, are they less likely to be selected? Interviewees who throw up many ideas and challenge existing methodologies at this stage are more likely to be expressive when they find problems in Vodafone and more likely to bring them to the attention of decision makers. They are also more likely to persuade others to do the same. Thought leaders are good drivers of change and prevent complacency though as a result it is not unusual to find that they cause friction with senior leaders who for some reason or other may be resistant to change. Remember, todays thought leaders can easily become tomorrows established bureaucracy (http://ezinearticles.com). Are senior leaders confident enough to leave themselves open to evaluation from all others in Vodafone? Status deference has many negatives including (http://ezinearticles.com): Higher status individuals tend to dominate the session and reduce the participation of others, People allow higher status individuals to do all the idea generation People place higher value on ideas produced by higher status individuals and People have a greater tendency to allow higher status individuals to get away with bad ideas. Assess at least three risks and three benefits of the ideas identified above There are a number of reasons why creative ideas fail to become innovations. Sometimes it is because the idea, which seems brilliant in concept, is flawed in application. More often, the problem is that organisations invest in creative ideation initiatives (often called innovation initiatives), such as brainstorming events, idea management, ideas campaigns and the like, but fail to invest in implementing the most creative ideas that come from those initiatives. Indeed, they have probably experienced this typical scenario: Vodafone invests in generating ideas via brainstorming events that involve a lot of highly paid managers and researchers. A number of promising creative ideas are generated. Sometimes business plans are developed. Sometimes prototypes are built, sometimes not, but, at some point between the identification of a promising idea and beginning to implement that idea, the idea is killed (www.jpb.com). There are many reasons why creative ideas are killed however almost all of them have to do with risk. Implementing a new idea is perceived as risky and people in the Vodafone do not wish to undertake that risk. So, the idea is killed. Needless-to-say, investing in a creative idea generation initiative in order to generate creative ideas they will never implement is an expensive method of accomplishing absolutely nothing (www.jpb.com). Unwillingness to implement creative ideas is not only a weakness with companies, individuals have the same problem. Imagine a young person applying for a job with Levi Strauss Co and having the idea to write her CV on a pair of Levis jeans and sending it to her perspective employer. Such a creative approach to applying for a job would almost certainly stand out and grab the attention of the hiring person. It could very well result in an interview particularly if the Vodafone values creativity as Levi Strauss does. Or it could result in the CV imprinted jeans being promptly rubbished as ridiculous. In my experience, most people who had such a creative idea would be unwilling to risk carrying it out (www.jpb.com). Such a waste of creative time, energy and money does no one any good and makes the world a more boring place than it could be. The Idea Before Vodafone implement their idea, they need to describe it in detail. Separately, they should describe what makes the idea special, that is: what is the unique selling point (USP)? Once Vodafone have done this, ask their self how they might push the USP even further in order to make their idea even more special. Benefits and Risks The next step is to do a simple risk versus benefits analysis. That may sound complex, but might simply be a matter of drawing up a table with a column labelled benefits and one called risks. Then simply lists the benefits and risks in their appropriate columns. If the risks are greater than the benefits, they need to rethink their idea and focus on greater benefits (www.jpb.com). Describe at least two appropriate change models to support the implementation of the creative and innovative ideas identified above in the organization Integrated Innovation Process Management Vodafone as an innovative organization, however, should not have a single innovation process cycle in operation. Rather it should have many of them! Large cycles are suitable for enterprise-wide innovation. Meanwhile, business units can run somewhat smaller innovation process cycles in order to manage their own ideas (although it should be noted, collaborative groups need not be limited to employees of that business unit). Teams, departments and any other group can also run their own innovation process cycles (www.jpb.com). However, these innovation process cycles should not be in isolation. Rather they should inspire and feed other cycles elsewhere in the organisation. For instance, the implementation of a new product idea should inspire innovation cycles in the marketing, sales and customer service divisions as well as at the enterprise level (www.jpb.com). Managers should watch their colleagues innovation process cycles and ruthlessly copy ideas as inspirations for their own cycles. Task 2: Influencing change Identify and describe the characteristics of the main groups of stakeholders. Produce a rationale to persuade stakeholders of the benefits of a creative and innovative idea Thomas Edison had all the characteristics of a risk taker innovator. He was a divergent thinker, making observations about the natural world. He was not afraid of failure. The lessons learned in one of his failures led to success in another project. In addition to the light bulb, his 1,093 patents included familiar ones such as the microphone batteries (The Creativity Handbook, 1994). Creative leadership must facilitate positive relationships in organizations to produce profitable growth through innovation. They now know that creativity is not a personality trait that is available for geniuses. Everyone has unique knowledge and experiences that can be tapped, given the proper environment. This environment must be freed flowing and non-judging to take people through the mental block they learned in early childhood. These blocks are associated with the risk of being wrong (www.aiu.edu). The motivation for innovating comes largely from the joy of doing something that has never been done before. It is like going on an expedition and risking everything to be the first person to climb a mountain or sail around the world. It taps the same drive that exists within a composer or an artist who wishes to create something forever. Create a plan to communicate a creative and innovative management idea to the stakeholders identified above, persuade them of its benefits for the organization, and generate stakeholder feedback. Open Innovation or expanding the pool of brains thinking about their business problems outside of Vodafone is a concept that has gained significant and recent traction. The concept is very sound (http://blog.thinkforachange.com): Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology. The boundaries between a firm and its environment have become more permeable; innovations can easily transfer inward and outward. The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (e.g. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firms business should be taken outside the company (e.g., through licensing, joint ventures, spin-offs) It used to be that innovation was something that happened deep in the bowels of corporate RD departments. Secretive folks lurked there and lived by the code of NIH or Not Invented Here. A motto that held that if RD didnt think of it, then it didnt exist or wouldnt work or should be ignored. Except a funny thing happenedthe ideas started drying up. Game changing ideas became few and far between. More of the same survived and less of the unexpected was developed. Then one day, some very smart innovation management consultants showed these organizations that there is no such thing as an all or nothing approach to innovation. Open innovation is but one branch of a well-rounded and comprehensive innovation management program. And for open innovation to truly work, they need to have their internal house in order first as it relates to idea and innovation management. Vodafone must have a solid and well managed internal innovation capability before seeking ideas from the outside world (http://blog.thinkforachange.com). That means: Having a strong executive sponsor engaged in the innovation strategy of the organization Having a proven set of processes, tools, techniques and training for moving ideas into prototypes and, eventually, products Having enough resources (human, financial, time, space and capability) to adequately support the idea and innovation management system Vodafone are putting into place Treating innovation and idea management, not as some singular event, but as a true business discipline and strategy for growth Developing a list of problems and/or opportunities that the organization wants to invest money and effort into finding solutions Developing a strategy for seeking ideas from inside and outside of the organization Developing a clear and communicated set of selection and filtering criteria for idea submission and consideration to ensure the idea pool is manageable Determining the utilization of the closed innovation system for the research, development, prototyping, portfolio management and launch planning that Vodafone dont want their competitors finding out about Developing a workable system for protecting the intellectual property rights of all parties in the process Show how you would use feedback from stakeholders to identify key goals and priorities for the innovation. Focusing on Customers Executives acknowledged that business has had to learn these lessons many times, and the need to create a culture where innovation can thrive is not new. A big part of the leaders role is to distract the organization away from itself and its own inner workings and dynamics, and shift the focus to customers, creating the openings where innovative ideas become possible (www.poststone.com). Allow enough time The rapid pace of business tends to create an overload of initiatives and a rush to complete projects as quickly as possible, and creates a significant barrier to sustainable progress. Business moves too fast; you need tenacity to innovate One approach recommended is for leaders to lengthen the time for goal achievement, and encourage staff to spend the necessary time thinking deeply about a problem, gathering data, and moving forward in a thoughtful way (www.poststone.com): People tend to give up when they cant get results quickly. You need to give longer goals, give people time, and ask them to do it slowly and thoughtfully. Generating good ideas is not always the issue: prioritization and resourcing of a few key initiatives is often more important in making significant progress. Task 3: Over coming barriers Identify at least four possible barriers to the implementation of change in an organization De-bunking the Myths of Innovation The executive panel saw little merit in much of the conventional wisdom about innovation, and de-bunked the myths for Vodafone India: The new product myth There is a strong tendency to focus on product innovations, however executives generally see this type of innovation as highly visible, but not necessarily critical to business success (Levitt, et. al. 2005). The breakthrough idea myth While creating the environment where Vodafone staff will speak and tell them their ideas received considerable emphasis, the idea itself is rarely sufficient. Canada was noted as the home of many good ideas that have not had enough sustained effort, persistence and resources to achieve results (Soto, Hernando de, 2000). The creative chaos myth Many business processes support innovation better when they are consistent and measurable. With a consistent and known process, ideas for change can be implemented in a way that employees can understand and execute successfully. The new process can then be integrated into routine and evaluated (Collins, Jim, 2001). Without a consistent baseline to build on, its difficult to see if a new idea would work, and just as difficult to implement successfully. The creative individual myth The power of creative individuals with insight is rarely enough to move the organization, regardless of the level of seniority. High-potential young managers cannot sally forth as ambassadors for a new order and meet with success. The whole organization needs to be mobilized, through accountability at all levels (www.poststone.com). Plan a strategy to overcome these identified barriers. Most approaches to strategic planning put an emphasis in answering the question What should the organization do? The answer to this question is very important for Vodafone. However it does not ensure that the organization is enabled to create value and to make the right strategic decisions. Strategy execution and monitoring of success have been identified as characteristic problem areas in organizational practice (Avila, et. al., 1995). Putting the proposals into practice, the Vodafone can address a more comprehensive set of issues related to fundament, execution and funding (Deloitte, 2005): Fundament:  Why should the organization choose this way? What are the underlying assumptions, the tradeoffs, and the risks? How should the organization respond if one of these assumptions turns out to be flawed or changes? Execution:  How does the organization do it? What are steps for implementation? Who is accountable for this process? How does the organization keep track of execution and success? Commitment:  How can the organization achieve commitment among the management team and all employees? How can the organization inform employees? Funding:  What will the outcome of the strategic planning cost in total? How will the organization fund the planning results? What is the expected return and will it meet the internal hurdle rates for return? Taking into account the broad perspective for strategic planning and considering execution, monitoring and funding issues, the organization and its managers can gain a clear view of where they are going and why. They will also know how to monitor the progress and can assess the payoff. Monitoring of both market data and operational data against planning assumptions as well as sustaining organizational flexibility represents another field of strategic planning improvements (www.themanager.org). Due to consideration of capital allocation and funding issues it is also clear, which other critical corporate processes will be influenced from the strategic planning outcome. Summarizing and bundling this outcome in so called strategic campaigns or strategic initiatives helps the organization to focus and improves intra-organizational communication (Dye et. al., 2007). Explain how the strategy plan will help overcome resistance. Hitchhiking creates ideas that combine the best ideas of everyone on the team. It can also help during implementation if all members see a piece of their idea in the final solution (www.aiu.edu). Creating an environment that is tolerant of mistakes is difficult. It must be made clear that mistakes are acceptable if they are based on solid thinking, enhance learning of what will not work, and are caught early before damage is severe. There must be support for the people who were on the team of the project that failed. The Kirton Adapter: Innovator (KAI) inventory measures preferred styles for problem- solving. The adaptor prefers to be creative within the present system. The innovator wants to create new definitions of the problem and new systems. Thus, both types are creative, but their styles are different. Adapters include bank managers, accountants, production managers, and programmers. Innovators include persons in marketing, finance, and fashion buyers (www.aiu.edu).